<p>C.P. Quattlebaum House is a historic home located at Conway in Horry County, South Carolina. It was built in 1807. It is a two-story, "T"-plan, cross-gable roofed, frame, weatherboard-clad residence. It features a two-story, projecting, polygonal bay and two-tiered wrap around porch with sawn brackets. Its owner, Cephas Perry Quattlebaum, served as Conway&#39;s first mayor and his office is located nearby, the C.P. Quattlebaum Office.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Conway Methodist Church, 1898 and 1910 Sanctuaries, also known as First United Methodist Church, is a historic Methodist church located at Conway in Horry County, South Carolina. The 1898 sanctuary is a one-story, brick, cruciform, cross-gable roofed, Gothic Revival style building. It features Tudor arched stained glass lancet windows. The 1910 sanctuary is a Mission Revival style building and is a large one-story, front-gabled roof, stuccoed building. It features two square bell towers.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Kingston Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church located at Conway in Horry County, South Carolina. The sanctuary was built in 1858 and is an outstanding example of antebellum Greek Revival ecclesiastical design. The three-bay façade features a portico set on square columns with recessed panels and square pilasters. It was originally sheathed with weatherboard, but was covered in stucco in 1930 when a stuccoed brick addition was added to the rear. Also on the property is a Colonial Revival style brick educational building built in 1956. It is co-located with the Kingston Presbyterian Church Cemetery, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Pittsburgh is a neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia, founded in 1883 as a Black working-class suburb alongside the Pegram rail shops. It was named Pittsburgh because the industrial area reminded one of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and its famous steel mills. Pittsburgh is a working class and developing neighborhood, and as property values rise in Intown Atlanta neighborhoods, many see possibility that this trend will spread to Pittsburgh while bringing renewal for legacy residents.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Pittsburgh is bounded on the northern tip by I-20 across which is the tip of Castleberry Hill, on the Northeast by a Norfolk Southern rail line across which is Mechanicsville, on the west by Metropolitan Parkway and Adair Park, on the East by Peoplestown, and on the south by the BeltLine across which is the Capital View Manor neighborhood. It shares its street names and alignments with Mechanicsville, however the two neighborhoods are separated by a rail line such that the only connections are on the Northeast and West edges of the neighborhoods.</p><br>
<p>Pittsburgh is conveniently located off I-75 and within walking distance of downtown, Turner Field, the West End Mall, Grant Park and the Atlanta Zoo. It is separated from downtown by Mechanicsville to the North. Three major downtown through-fares connect into Metropolitan Parkway, McDaniel Street and Pryor Street inside of Pittsburgh.</p><br>
<p>It is within walking distance of the Garnett, West End and Oakland City MARTA stations.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area of land known as Pittsburgh was on the southern outskirts of Atlanta in the early 1880s when houses began to be built there. Owned by white real-estate investor H.L. Wilson, it had many similarities to neighboring Mechanicsville, which also grew up around the Pegram railroad repair shops, but there were substantial differences amongst which was that Pittsburgh was predominantly African-American.</p><br>
<p>A working class, Black community, Pittsburgh was served by four streetcar lines: Washington Street, Pryor Street, Stewart Avenue (now Metropolitan Parkway) and Georgia Avenue (now Ralph David Abernathy Boulevard). In spite of its challenges, early Pittsburgh boasted some well-educated and self-sufficient residents. Until the 1930s, Pittsburgh housed Clark College; it also held two theological seminaries. Black-owned businesses sprung up on McDaniel Street.</p><br>
<p>Starting in the 1960s it became possible for better-off Black people to move into previously all-white areas, and many did, even as "white flight" started to the suburbs. This trend was catalyzed by Pittsburgh also being deprived of public and private investment, like many similarly situated areas. This led to the depreciation of home values in Pittsburgh and eventually to abandoned houses. Pittsburgh&#39;s population fell by fifty percent from 7,276 in 1970 to 3,624 in 1990. It had started increasing in the early 2000s before the crash. Vacancies increased during the crash, however starting in 2012, the population has started to increase again and investment in the community has increased.</p><br>
<h3>Pittsburgh today</h3><br>
<p>In the first years of the 21st century, middle and upper income people started moving into many parts of intown Atlanta again. This brought hope to many in Pittsburgh, at least up until the real estate crash in 2008–9, that their neighborhood would attract investment but not gentrification and displacement as had been the case with, for example, Cabbagetown. A great deal of visible change has not yet come, however there are some signs of new development. The Pittsburgh Civic League Apartments, a low-income housing project was torn down and replaced with a large apartment complex. The BeltLine forms the southern boundary of Pittsburgh, which will add park space, a bicycle path, and plans include light rail with a stop at the corner of University and Metropolitan Avenues. This in turn gives the opportunity for new development. Starting in 2012, a resurgence in BeltLine adjacent neighborhoods on the southwest trail skirting Adair Park, Summerhill, West End, Mechanicsville and other neighborhoods has increased the likelihood of Pittsburgh having a similar development and has made gentrification even more of a threat, unless longtime and legacy residents secure an equitable share of resources and investment.</p><br>
<p>In 2012 the beating of a young gay man in Pittsburgh with a discarded car tire, leading to the capture of members of a growing gang, highlighted the issues of gangs and prostitution. The incident provoked the concern of Pittsburgh&#39;s safety committee about how to get abandoned tires cleaned up. Community members got together to clean up the tires in a brownfield across from mixed-use apartments near the Northern border with Mechanicsville, demonstrating a commitment in neighborhood residents to protect the safety of its residents and improve the community.</p><br>
<p>As of 2021, gentrification, inflation, and the housing shortage have gradually driven up home prices and property values in the neighborhood. And as with the other near downtown Atlanta intown gentrifying neighborhoods, Pittsburg demographics are steadily changing.</p><br>
<h4>Pittsburgh Yards</h4><br>
<p>The car tire beating also highlighted the substantial footprint of brownfields in the Pittsburgh neighborhood and surrounding areas, with one of the largest being a 31.4 acre brownfield along University Avenue and the future BeltLine trail that dominates the Southern gateway into the neighborhood and cuts it off from economic activity. This brownfield was purchased by UPS in 2001 for a distribution center, but changing priorities caused UPS to sell it to the Annie E. Casey Foundation (AECF) in 2006 to build a park and mixed-use development. Annie E. Casey determined outreach and a Master Plan was needed for the community, which has ensued ever since, extended by the 2008 financial crisis. Early in the process, the Georgia Institute of Technology Urban Design Studio and the Georgia Conservancy created some guiding documents such as "Blueprints for Successful Communities Plan" to help develop the Master Plan with AECF, BeltLine, Inc, Pittsburgh Community Improvement Corporation, city of Atlanta, NPU-V planning unit, and residents. The Master Plan envisioned the critical University Avenue lot being developed into a mixed use of high density, parks, and connecting Pittsburgh roads into adjoining neighborhoods.</p><br>
<p>In 2010, the first obsolete structures on the University Avenue brownfield were demolished. Contemporary conferences showed that there was renewed interest in fast-tracking brownfield cleanup in the area, not only including the University Avenue brownfield, but also the brownfield formerly littered with tires on the North end of the Pittsburgh neighborhood, and Federal funds were provided. That resulted in a Background Report produced in October, 2012 describing the conditions and initiative. The University Avenue property was also discussed in the Brownfields 2013 Conference. The newly developed Master Plan also led to a rezoning of the neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>Predevelopment for Phase I of the project began in 2016. Monthly community update meetings began in 2017, and working groups composed of volunteers from the community were formed. Residents and the community voted on the name the project, with the winner being "Pittsburgh Yards." Phase I opened in late 2020.</p><br>
<h2>Commercial districts</h2><br>
<p>Pittsburghs western border is Metropolitan Parkway, an important commercial thoroughfare. Pittsburghs Eastern edge is East of I-75 adjoining Peoplestown and has a small business and industrial district. McDaniel Street also houses some local businesses, and was historically the primary through-fare for businesses. It is, however, in need of urban renewal due to blight and under-performing businesses.</p><br>
<h2>Education</h2><br>
<p>The community is zoned to Atlanta Public Schools. A Salvation Army Center for Officer Training is located in Pittsburgh.</p><br>
<h2>Parks</h2><br>
<p>The Pierre P. Ferry House  is a historic home in Seattle, Washington, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The American Craftsman home was designed for attorney Pierre Ferry by Seattle architect John Graham. The art glass windows in the main hall with the elaborate peacock were designed by Tiffany Studios. Orlando Giannini of the Chicago firm Giannini & Hilgart designed the mosaic with its wisteria motif. It is regarded as the finest Arts and Crafts residence in the Pacific Northwest.</p><br>
<p>The building has status as a Seattle landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Daniel Boone Home is a historic site in Defiance, Missouri, United States. The house was built by Daniel Boone&#39;s youngest son Nathan Boone, who lived there with his family until they moved further south in 1837. The Boones had moved there from Kentucky in late 1799. Nathan later said, "In the summer of 1800, I erected a good substantial log house, and several years after that I replaced it with a commodious stone building. My father, Daniel Boone, built himself a shop and had a set of tools, and when at home he would make and repair traps and guns. In fact he did all the needed smith work for the family and sometimes for neighbors to oblige them. But after a few years he disposed of his tools." Daniel and his wife Rebecca lived primarily with their son Nathan from at least 1804 to 1813, and then for much of the time from late 1816 to his death in 1820.</p><br>
<p>Daniels move to Nathans place is recorded in an official document from 1806 to the Federal Land Commission concerning Daniels original (and unsettled) land grant: "Colonel D. Boone states to the Board, that, on his arrival in Louisiana, he took up his residence, with his lady, at his son Daniel M. Boones, in the said district of Femme Osage, and adjoining the lands he now claims; that they remained there until about two years ago, when he moved to a younger son&#39;s, Nathan Boone, where he now lives. It is proved that the said claimant is of the age of about seventy years, and his wife about sixty-eight."</p><br>
<p>Daniel did at times visit the Callaway family near Marthasville, MO (the family of his daughter Jemima), and did so in the summer of 1820. Nathan describes the final events of Daniels life, "During the whole summer of 1820, he was at the Callaways. … He had an attack of fever, not severe, and while recovering was exceedingly anxious to be taken to my house. … Finally I took him back in a carriage…He died on the morning of September 26, 1820, about sunrise—the fourteenth day after his arrival here.”</p><br>
<p>The architecture of the home is Georgian style, and other various styles among the collection of 19th-century buildings that make up the adjacent Boonesfield Village.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. In May 2016, the site was donated by Lindenwood University to St. Charles County. It was renamed the Historic Daniel Boone Home at Lindenwood Park and is operated by the county&#39;s Parks and Recreation Department.</p><br>
<h2>Park and tour hours</h2><br>
<p>The park is open from 8:30 a.m. – 5 p.m. Monday–Saturday and 11:30 a.m. – 5 p.m. on Sunday. Guided tours are offered on the hour.</p><br>
<h2>Winter hours</h2><br>
<p>Dec. 16 – Feb. 28</p><br>
<p>During winter hours, the park is open to self-guiders, but guided tours are only available on the weekend from 8:30 a.m. – 5 p.m. on Saturday, and 11:30 a.m. – 5 p.m. on Sunday.</p><br>
<p>Burroughs School, also known as Burroughs Graded School, is a historic school located at Conway in Horry County, South Carolina. It was built in three phases between 1905 and 1923. The earliest portion of the building was built as an elementary school and has three main portions of eleven bays. It features a one-story, hip roof porch supported by six Ionic order columns with Scamozzi capitals. About 1915 a two-story hipped classroom wing was added and in 1923 four classrooms and an auditorium was added to the complex.</p><br>
<p>In 2014 the Horry County Museum moved into the renovated building from its former location in the historic Conway Post Office building.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Horry County Museum</h2><br>
<p>The Horry County Museum features exhibits about the County&#39;s history, pre-history and natural history. Displays include a freshwater aquarium, mounted animals, area military history, Native American artifacts and history, textiles, area beaches, and historic photographs.</p><br>
<p>Kingston Presbyterian Church Cemetery is a historic cemetery located at Conway in Horry County, South Carolina. It contains fine examples of Victorian-era funerary art, especially those in the Beaty family plot. Portions of the cemetery site were first the old Kingston "burying ground", established about 1737, and burials continued until 1909. It is co-located with the Kingston Presbyterian Church, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Highlands Masonic Lodge, also known as the Pythian Building, is a historic building located in Denver, Colorado. Built in 1905 and constructed in the Classical Revival style, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Originally constructed as a meeting place for the Knights of Pythias, it was later the meeting place of Highlands Lodge No. 86, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story red brick front-gabled building with four gray brick pilasters in its symmetrical front facade. It is 36x75 ft in plan. Its cornice and pediment are supported by decorative brackets.</p><br>
<p>It is unusual for a Classical Revival building to have been front-gabled, but that configuration can work well in a narrow lot as here.</p><br>
<p>The Greeley Masonic Temple is a Colonial Revival style historic building in Greeley, Colorado. It was built in 1927 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The building was deemed architecturally significant as a work by architect William N. Bowman. It is a brick building with blond brick pilasters. Within the Colonial Revival style generally, it reflects "a modernist interpretation of Georgian Revival architecture".</p><br>
<p>Bowman was a prolific architect, a Mason, and had been president of Colorado&#39;s chapter of the American Institute of Architects during 1917 to 1919.</p><br>
<p>The Mechanics Building  in Pueblo, Colorado was built in 1891 in Late Victorian style. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The building was originally constructed 1890-91 as a commercial office building, with the Mechanics Savings Bank as its main tenant. It was purchased in 1910 by a local Masonic Lodge. The lodge converted some of the space as a meeting hall, and continued to rent the rest as commercial space. The Masons sold the building to The American Furniture Company in 1946, who have been its primary tenant since.</p><br>
<p>The Montrose Masonic Temple in Montrose, Colorado is a historic building constructed in 1911. Built as a meeting hall for Montrose Lodge No. 63, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, the building is in the Classical Revival style. The Masons met in the upper two of the building&#39;s three stories, while the ground floor was rented out as commercial space. Its commercial space has been rented to the Adams Vacuum and Sewing company, to a printing and office supply store, and to a funeral home. The lodge no longer meets in the building. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The "defining feature" of the building is its five-bay window area divided by four Tuscan stone columns.</p><br>
<p>As of 2021 the building is home of Precedence Productions, which uses the second floor area for musical events open to the public, and operates a music academy.</p><br>
<p>The Crane Hill Masonic Lodge is a historical Masonic building in Crane Hill, Alabama. Built in 1904, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Built as a meeting hall for "Crane Hill Masonic Lodge #554", it has also housed a school.</p><br>
<p>The building is a "free standing gable front" structure.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in February 1999. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The West End Masonic Temple is a Masonic building in Birmingham, Alabama. It was constructed in 1926. The temple served the masonic community until 1985, when it was sold and converted to office space. The building was destroyed in a fire on New Years Day, 1996.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987, and in 2009, despite being gone for many years, was still listed.</p><br>
<p>The Orrin and Roxanne Fairman Kinyon House is a private house located at 7675 N. Ridge Road in Canton, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>One of the earliest settlers in Canton Township was Elisha Kinyon; he and his wife Dilla first bought land in the area in 1831. Elishas son Orrin bought 120 acre from his father in 1834, The couple had eight children between 1836 and 1856, all sons, and built this house in 1850. Only three of the couples sons survived to adulthood; family tradition recounts that in 1849, Roxanne Kinyon accidentally poisoned two of her sons, and every day thereafter visited their graves for the rest of her life.</p><br>
<p>Orrin Kinyon was active in township government, serving as Highway Commissioner, School Inspector, Justice of the Peace, constable, and Poor Director between 1835 and 1865.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Orrin and Roxanne Fairman Kinyon House is a Greek Revival farmhouse, of post and beam construction, sided with wood and sitting on a stone foundation. The rear room was once a summer kitchen, but at some point was integrated into the house proper. Although the house sits on reduced acreage, outbuildings and the remains of an orchard still exist on the property.</p><br>
<p>The Massacre Canyon battle took place in Nebraska on August 5, 1873, near the Republican River. It was one of the last hostilities between the Pawnee  and the Sioux  and the last battle/massacre between Great Plains Indians in North America. The massacre occurred when a large Sioux war party of over 1,500 Oglala, Brulé, and Sihasapa warriors, led by Two Strike, Little Wound, and Spotted Tail attacked a band of Pawnee during their summer buffalo hunt. In the ensuing rout, many Pawnees were killed with estimates of casualties ranging widely from around 50 to over 150. The victims, who were mostly women and children, suffered mutilation and sexual assault.</p><br>
<p>According to Indian agent John W. Williamson of the Genoa Agency on the Pawnee Reservation, who accompanied the Pawnee hunting party, "On the 2d day of July, 1873, the Indians, to the number of 700, left Genoa for the hunting grounds. Of this number 350 were men, the balance women and children." Williamson stated that 156 Pawnee were killed though numbers vary by source. This massacre ranked among "the bloodiest attacks by the Sioux" in Pawnee history. Cruel and violent warfare like this had been practiced against the Pawnee by the Lakota Sioux for centuries since the mid-1700s and through the 1840s. Attacks increased further in the 1850s until 1875. The Pawnee villages and Quaker agency near Genoa were attacked by the Lakota months and years prior to the massacre without US Government protection that had been promised in the 1857 Treaty with the Pawnee.</p><br>
<p>The Pawnee were traveling along the west bank of the canyon, which runs south to the Republican River, when they were attacked. "A census taken at the Pawnee Agency in September, according Agent Burgess..." (see "Massacre Canyon Monument" article in External Links section) found that "71 Pawnee warriors were killed, and 102 women and children killed", the victims brutally mutilated and scalped and others even set on fire" although Trail Agent John Williamsons account states 156 Pawnee died (page 388). This massacre is by some considered one of the factors that led to the Pawnees decision to move to a reservation in Indian Territory in what is today Oklahoma, though not all sources agree on its impact in this way.</p><br>
<p>Principal chiefs at the battle were:</p><br>
<p>Pawnee: Sky Chief, Sun Chief, Fighting Bear, Ruling His Son.</p><br>
<p>Sioux: Spotted Tail (Brulé chief) (unclear), Little Wound (Oglala chief), Two Strike (Brulé chief). Chief Charging Bear (John Grass, Sihasapa).</p><br>
<p>Among the Pawnee dead were Sky Chief (Tirawahut Lesharo) who was surrounded and killed by the Sioux while skinning a buffalo, and the wife and four children of Traveling Bear, a former sergeant in the Pawnee Scouts who served under Maj. Frank North and a Medal of Honor recipient.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Pawnee had a long tradition of living in present-day Nebraska. The Pawnee had been the most populous and perhaps the most powerful tribe in the Nebraska area, with a population of 10,000 to 12,000 around the year 1800. However, smallpox epidemics and increasing Sioux raids on villages beginning in the early 1800s and worsening in the 1830s left the Pawnee in a vulnerable position. In a 1833 treaty with the United States, the Pawnee ceded all of their land south of the Platte River, a vast territory between the Loup, Platte and Republican rivers in Nebraska and south into northern Kansas. According to the terms of the 1833 treaty, this land was to remain a "common hunting ground" for the Pawnee and other "friendly Indians," meaning that the Pawnee had non-exclusive treaty rights to hunt buffalo in their former territory. The Massacre Canyon battlefield near Republican River is located within this area. They had suffered continual attacks by the Sioux that increased violently in the early 1840s. Part of the terms of the 1833 treaty prevented the Pawnee from going to war with any neighboring tribes and required the Pawnee to defer to the United States government as the arbiter of disputes and negotiator between tribes, meaning that the Pawnee could not retaliate against the Sioux attacks on their villages without violating the treaty.</p><br>
<p>In a 1857 treaty, the Pawnee ceded all territory north of the Platte River except for a small reservation on old Pawnee land, present-day Nance County. As part of this treaty, the Pawnee were guaranteed protection by the United States military. No explicit mention is made of the "common hunting ground" established from previously-ceded Pawnee lands as established in the 1833 treaty.</p><br>
<p>In 1865, in part due to their long rivalry with the Sioux, 95 Pawnee men joined enlisted with the United States military for the Powder River War, a military campaign against the Sioux, Arapaho, and Cheyenne intended to intimidate the tribes. The Pawnee scouts also worked with the Union Pacific Railroad to protect railroad workers during the construction of the transcontinental railroad through Nebraska and Wyoming. These actions by the Pawnee scouts did not improve relations between the Pawnee and Sioux.</p><br>
<p>In 1868 the Sioux entered into a treaty with the United States and agreed to live in the Great Sioux Reservation in present-day South Dakota. By Article 11 they received a right to hunt along the Republican River, in the same area that the Pawnee retained non-exclusive hunting rights to, almost 200 miles south of their new reservation. While the 1833 treaty with the Pawnee does establish that the former Pawnee lands south of the Platte were intended to be shared with other "friendly Indians," the Pawnee were at war with the Sioux at the time of the signing in 1833 and the United States was at war with the Sioux until 1868, meaning that the granting of hunting rights on this land to the Sioux is of uncertain legality given the ambiguity of the phrase "friendly Indians."</p><br>
<p>Both the Pawnee and the Sioux complained regularly over attacks by the other tribe. Because both tribes had signed treaties explicitly giving power of mediation to the United States government, there was an attempted peace negotiation in 1871 with the United States as intermediary which ultimately failed.</p><br>
<p>In July 1873, a month before the massacre, the Oglala Sioux had been stopped from attacking the Utes in retaliation for stolen horses and the killing of a Sioux man by Antoine Janis, the sub-agent for the band.</p><br>
<h2>Lead-up to the battle</h2><br>
<p>A Pawnee hunting group—roughly 400 men, women and children—were located in camp near present-day Trenton on August 4, 1873. Trail Agent John W. Williamson stayed in the camp with his visitor Lester Beach Platt.</p><br>
<p>Around the same time in early August, about 700 Brulé Sioux, led by Chief Two Strike, were hunting buffalo in the same area. The Oglala Sioux, led by chiefs Little Wound and Pawnee Killer, were hunting along tributaries of the Republican River west of the Pawnee camp.</p><br>
<p>Some Oglalas brought news of the big Pawnee camp on August 3. Chief Little Wound told Antoine Janis that he had stopped them from going against the Utes. Now, "the young men had determined to fight" the Pawnees, not to lose men and horses again. Janis replied that he could not prevent the Sioux from attacking the Pawnee but suggested that the two tribes meet to discuss the matter instead which was ignored. Later he told his sister, Susan Bordeaux Bettelyoun, that to restrain the warriors "... you might as well stop an avalanche."</p><br>
<p>All Sioux tipis in the area got the news. A boy eyewitness recalled many years later that "instantly all the warriors began to get ready to go on the warpath." In his understanding, the warriors were defending their hunting grounds. However, neither the Sioux nor the Pawnee had exclusive right to the hunting grounds. During the day around 1,000 warriors set off for the Pawnee to make a joint, quick attack and prevent the enemy from striking first.</p><br>
<h2>Trail Agent Williamson&#39;s account</h2><br>
<p>John Williamson, aged 23, was assigned as the Pawnee trail-agent at the Genoa Agency on the Pawnee reservation. He accompanied the Pawnee on their August 1873 hunt. He wrote his recollections of the battle decades after the incident."On the fourth day of August we reached the north bank of the Republican River and went into camp. At 9 oclock that evening, three white men came into camp and reported to me that a large band of Sioux warriors camped 25 miles northwest, waiting for an opportunity to attack the Pawnees for several days, anticipating that we would move up the river where buffaloes were feeding. Previous to this, white men visited us and warned us to be on our guard against Sioux attacks, and I was a trifle skeptical as to the truth of the story told by our white visitors. But one of the men, a young man about my age at the time, appeared to be so sincere in his efforts to impress upon me that the warning should be heeded, that I took him to Sky Chief who was in command that day, for a conference. Sky Chief said the men were liars; that they wanted to scare the Pawnees away from the hunting grounds so that white men could kill buffaloes for hides. He told me I was squaw and a coward. I took exception to his remarks, and retorted: I will go as far as you dare go. Dont forget that.</p><br>
<p>The following morning August 5, we broke camp and started north, up the divide between the Republican and the Frenchman Rivers. Soon after leaving camp, Sky Chief rode up to me and extending his hand said, Shake, brother. He recalled our little unpleasantness the night previous and said he did not believe there was cause for alarm, and was so impressed with the belief that he had not taken the precaution to throw out scouts in the direction the Sioux were reported to be. A few minutes later a buffalo scout signaled that buffaloes had been sighted in the distance, and Sky Chief rode off to engage in the hunt. I never saw him again. He had killed a buffalo and was skinning it when the advance guard of the Sioux shot and wounded him. The Chief attempted to reach his horse, but before he was able to mount, several of the enemy surrounded him. He died fighting. A Pawnee, who was skinning a buffalo a short distance away but managed to escape, told me how Sky Chief died."</p><br>
<h2>The battle</h2><br>
<p>The morning of August 5 the Pawnees went up a canyon. Men looking for game took the lead and the families followed with loaded down packhorses. A number of the Pawnee huntsmen in front seem to have been the first fatalities, lured into a Sioux trap by a decoy.</p><br>
<p>The Pawnee prepared for defense. Agent Williamson and either his friend Platt or tribal member Ralph Weeks rode out to arrange a peace council, but bullets forced them back.</p><br>
<p>The Pawnees say that Sky Chief lived during the first part of the battle. He fought for his tribe, shouting words of encouragement to it. "Today I may see the tribe you protect here. This is the end. It is supposed to be better old men not to become. Now, men, a man be." He killed his own little son with his knife, telling the Sioux that they would not get his child.</p><br>
<p>Sky Chief covered the retreat of his people, and the Sioux encircled him. He was alone and on foot. Dog Chief, a younger brother of Sky Chief, rode through the Sioux line and told him to withdraw. Sky Chief refused to stop fighting while the enemies were killing Pawnee women and children. Knowing he himself would be killed, he took off his bear claw necklace, which was the symbol of his chieftainship. "Take the necklace and try to escape... I want you to have it and do not want the Sioux to gain possession of it." Dog Chief managed to bring the necklace to safety.</p><br>
<p>The Pawnee version of the Massacre Canyon battle tells of a few individuals&#39; fate and relates some peculiar incidents.</p><br>
<p>The Sioux greatly outnumbered the Pawnee. Women threw hides, dried meat and saddles from the packhorses and the Pawnee started a disorganized retreat. "The withdrawal was a rout as the Sioux shot from both banks of the canyon into the fleeing Pawnee". In Culbertson, ten miles east of the battlefield, the residents heard the sound of gunfire.</p><br>
<p>Near the town of Culbertson, Capt. Charles Meinhold with his small command from Fort McPherson were camped. All through the morning Pawnee survivors found the camp as well as Williamson and Platt, who had made his escape early during the fight. The Pawnees got instructions to proceed further east.</p><br>
<h2>The next hours and days</h2><br>
<p>The US cavalry soldiers rode up the canyon in the afternoon. "The first body we came upon was that of a woman", remembered Platt.</p><br>
<p>Sometime after the battle the Sioux warriors rode into camps. "One of the men in advance was waving a scalp. This caused great excitement. The men paraded around the village... Everybody appeared to be happy and rejoicing". Later well-known Sioux Indian Luther Standing Bear got the impression that "about three hundred Pawnees were killed". Eastes reported that at least one Sioux was killed and others were badly wounded. The Cut-off Oglalas had suffered no casualties at all, according to their sub-agent. This is at odds with narratives of what happened in the canyon that day.</p><br>
<p>People from the nearest communities visited the scene of the battle over the following days. Royal Buck wrote to the readers of Nebraska City News that "It was a massacre and nothing more, and near 100 victims are lying on the ground and full two thirds are squaws and pappooses ".</p><br>
<p>News of the defeat reached the remaining Pawnees in the reservation on August 8 through a runner. "This produced intense excitement in the village, sorrowful wailings were heard all day".</p><br>
<p>The Pawnee survivors traveled 80 miles or so to Plum Creek near the Platte where Dr. William M. Bancroft treated the wounded. By train they arrived at Silver Creek, around ten miles south of the Pawnee Agency. The last tribal buffalo hunt of the Pawnee in Nebraska ended soon after.</p><br>
<h2>Afterwards</h2><br>
<p>The last week of August, Williamson was back in Massacre Canyon. He covered the dead with dirt broken down from the banks. The number of Pawnee victims on the battlefield range from at least 50 to "156". A source often quoted is Agent William Burgess, who stated that "20 men, 39 women and 10 children" were killed.</p><br>
<p>Pawnees taken captive by the Sioux were released at the behest of the whites to rejoin their tribe.</p><br>
<p>Following the massacre, the Pawnee received $9,000 for the loss of more than 100 horses, 20 tons of dried meat and all sorts of equipment. The money came from the annuities of the Sioux, as stipulated in the 1868 Sioux Treaty, Article 1.</p><br>
<p>This incident, in particular, caused the government nationwide to intensify "its efforts to keep the Indians confined to their reservation" in an endeavor to curtail intertribal warfare. On a local level, Maj. Gen. George Crook "dispatched a small force" to protect the Pawnee Agency. The presence of troops did not stop the Sioux raids.</p><br>
<p>In the Lakota winter count of Cloud-Shield, the victory is remembered as the winter "they killed many Pawnees on the Republican river." The Pawnee Indians talk about "The hunters that were massacred".In the South Band Pawnee dialect, the area around Trenton is known as paareesuʾ ahrirakurahatka, "where the hunters were killed."</p><br>
<p>Dog Chief, being young, gave the bear claw necklace of his dead brother, Sky Chief, to the son of the Indian Agent Burgess for safekeeping. When some Pawnees tried to get it back, they failed. In 1920, Chawi Pawnee chief Lone Chief visited Burgess in Chicago and brought the necklace back.</p><br>
<p>It was half a century after the battle before the Pawnee and the Sioux smoked the pipe of peace during the Massacre Canyon Pow Wow in 1925.</p><br>
<h2>Monument</h2><br>
<p>The Massacre Canyon Monument was dedicated on Sept. 26, 1930. It was the first historical monument erected in Nebraska by federal grant. It stands on a three-acre (1.2 ha) plot, three miles (4.8 km) east of Trenton off USA Route 34, after having been moved from its original location overlooking the Republican River valley. The monument, a large stone obelisk, was constructed from Minnesota pink granite from a quarry in St. Cloud by R.P. Colling, Indianola, Nebraska. The shaft of the obelisk is 35 ft high. The base measures 9 ft by 9.5 ft across; the bottom of the shaft is five feet (1.5 m) across, tapering to 32 in near the top. The entire monument weighs 91 tons (83,000 kg).</p><br>
<p>The monument features a marker which reads:"The adjacent stone monument erected in 1930 was first placed about a mile south of this area. Originally on the highway overlooking the canyon, it was moved to this location after the highway was relocated.</p><br>
<p>Massacre Canyon is the large canyon about half a mile west of here. The battle took place in and along this canyon when a Pawnee hunting party of about 700, confident of protection from the government, were surprised by a War Party of Sioux. The Pawnee, badly outnumbered and completely surprised, retreated into the head of the canyon about two miles northwest of here. The battle was the retreat of the Pawnee down the canyon to the Republican.</p><br>
<p>The Pawnee reached the Republican River, about a mile and a half south of here, and crossed to the other side. The Sioux were ready to pursue them still further, but a unit of cavalry arrived and prevented further fighting.</p><br>
<p>The defeat so broke the strength and spirit of the tribe that it moved from its reservation in central Nebraska to Oklahoma."Several aspects of this telling of the battle are disputed by the historical record. Sources disagree about what role, if any, the cavalry played in stopping the violence. The United States government had agreed to protect the Pawnee as per the 1857 Treaty signed between the two governments. The Sioux and Pawnee had been in occasional conflict since the Sioux migrated into the Great Plains in the 18th century but the added pressure of encroaching settler-colonists, the coerced cession of Pawnee lands, and the withholding of promised resources by the United States government made the situation untenable for the Pawnee.</p><br>
<p>The monument is located in a small park area with picnic tables and a visitor center and museum that features exhibits about early pioneers, the tribal customs of the Sioux and the Pawnee people and a gift shop.</p><br>
<p>The Chickamauga Lodge No. 221, Free and Accepted Masons, Prince Hall Affiliate, also known as Chickamauga Masonic Lodge No. 221, was built in 1924. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story 20 ft tall, 24 ft wide, 36 ft deep building with a wood-frame structure set on a foundation of cement blocks, brick and rocks. It was built by members during 1921–24. As of 2006, it had been covered with red rolled asphalt siding since 1952. The NRHP nomination noted that the asphalt siding preserved the building and was installed during the NRHP-eligible historic period (i.e. more than 50 years before the NRHP listing date). However, the April 2011 photo (here, to the right) shows that the asphalt siding had been removed.</p><br>
<p>As of 2006 the lodge continued to be an active lodge. It has original wooden handcrafted lodge furnishings used for ceremonial meetings.</p><br>
<p>The Royal Arch Masonic Lodge in Austin, Texas is a three-story beige brick Masonic building that was built in Beaux Arts style in 1926. It was designed by Texas architects J. B. Davies and William E. Ketchum. It was listed as a historic landmark by the city of Austin in 2000, and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>It was still in use as a meeting place in 2005 and was deemed significant "for its long and continued use as a Masonic Lodge in Austin" and "for its architecture as a good representation of an early twentieth-century Beaux-Arts fraternal building."</p><br>
<p>The Farmersville Masonic Lodge No. 214, A.F. and A.M. is a historic Italianate building located in Farmersville, Texas. It was constructed in 1888 as a meeting hall for Farmersville Lodge No. 214 .</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (under the name: "Farmersville Masonic Lodge No. 214, A.F. and A.M.") in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Later, the building houses the Farmersville Times, a local area newspaper and Farmersville lodge meets elsewhere.</p><br>
<p>The Southside Masonic Lodge No. 1114 is a Masonic Lodge located in Fort Worth, Texas. The lodge was chartered on December 6, 1915, by the Grand Lodge of Texas, Ancient, Free & Accepted Masons. It was the fifth Masonic lodge in the city of Fort Worth chartered by the Grand Lodge of Texas, and its success in following decades was due to the growth of the south side of the city.</p><br>
<p>In 1924, Southside Lodge began construction on a multi-purpose building located at 1301 West Magnolia. The building housed a meeting hall as well as commercial and office space (rented to help pay for the upkeep on the building). The three-story Classical Revival building was designed by James B. Davies, Sr. One of its first tenants was a funeral home.</p><br>
<p>In 1977, Southside Lodge moved to a new location. and the building on Magnolia has since been used solely as an office building. The building was renovated in 1986 and renamed the Magnolia Centre. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Masonic Building in Kerrville, Texas is an Italianate building built in 1890. Alfred Giles was the architect. Kerrville Masonic Lodge #697 made its home in the building until 1927. The first floor later housed a post office and grocery store. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It was restored during 1984-1985 using rare woods and including work by special craftsmen.</p><br>
<p>The Stanton Masonic Lodge and School  is a historic building located in Stanton, Tennessee. It was constructed in 1871 by the Stanton Masonic Lodge, which had been chartered a few years earlier  The Masons provided the first floor of the building for use as a school and used the second floor for their meetings. After a public school was established by Haywood County in 1920 the building was used for a variety of other community purposes.</p><br>
<p>Some restoration of the building was undertaken beginning in 1985. The Greek Revival style building listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Sevierville Masonic Lodge was a historic building in Sevierville, Tennessee. Constructed in 1893, it was used as a meeting hall for a local Masonic lodge. During 1928–1968, the Sevierville Public Library occupied the first floor, at no charge. The Masons moved out and the building was sold at auction in 1973 to a bank which made renovations.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. The building was demolished in 2006 for a parking lot, and was removed from the National Register in 2022</p><br>
<p>The Bank of Onslow and the Jacksonville Masonic Temple are two adjoining historic buildings located at 214 and 216 Old Bridge Street, in Jacksonville, Onslow County, North Carolina. The buildings are in the Beaux Arts architecture and Tudor Revival architecture, and were constructed in 1916, and 1919 respectively. They were jointly listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 as a national historic district.</p><br>
<p>The Masonic Temple was originally constructed by La Fayette Lodge No. 83, A. F. & A. M. and served as their meeting hall until 1955 (when the lodge moved to new premises). It is currently used as office space by the town government.</p><br>
<p>Conway Post Office is a historic post office building located at Conway in Horry County, South Carolina. It was designed and built 1935–1936, and is one of a number of post offices in South Carolina designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department under Louis A. Simon. The building is in the Classical Revival style and is a one-story brick building that features an off-center entrance with large fanlight above. It was the first Federal post office built in the city of Conway until it was replaced by a new federal post office in 1977. In 1981, the renovated building was reopened as the Horry County Museum, which in 2014 moved to a new location in the Burroughs School.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>The C.P. Quattlebaum Office is a historic law office building located at Conway in Horry County, South Carolina. It was built about 1860 as a residence. It was used as a law office for Johnson, Johnson, and Quattlebaum from 1876 until 1929. It also housed the first bank in town; The Bank of Conway, from 1893 until 1899. It was moved to its present location about 1900.</p><br>
<p>It is a rectangular, front gable roofed, one-room wide and two-room deep weatherboard-clad building. The façade features a three bay, hipped roof porch supported by square posts. Its owner, Cephas Perry Quattlebaum, served as Conway&#39;s first mayor, and his residence is located nearby, the C.P. Quattlebaum House. The building is now used as the Conway Visitor Center.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Old Horry County Courthouse, now known as Conway City Hall, is a historic courthouse building located at Conway in Horry County, South Carolina. It was built between 1824 and 1825 and reputedly designed by Robert Mills . It is a two-story Classical Revival brick building. It features an extended pediment supported by Doric order columns that shelters a second story portico which does not extend the full width of the façade.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>Hebron Church, also known as Hebron Methodist Church, is a historic Methodist church located at Bucksville in Horry County, South Carolina. The sanctuary was built about 1855 and is a rectangular "meeting house form" one-story frame church with batten siding and a gable roof covered with tin. It features a slightly lower, pedimented, projecting portico supported by five square, wooden columns. Also on the property are two graveyards: the church graveyard and the Henry Buck family graveyard located across the road.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Masonic Lodge in Missoula, Montana, is a Beaux Arts building built in 1909. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The property was originally owned by Hugh Forbis, president of the Forbis-Toole Company (an investment company that handled farm loans, mortgages, and irrigation bonds. The company had offices in the building). Ownership stayed in the Forbis family until the Masonic Temple Association purchased the property in 1954.</p><br>
<p>Since construction, the building has been home to Masonic activities of all kinds including all three of Missoulas Masonic Lodges: Missoula Lodge #13, Harmony Lodge #49 and Sentinel Lodge #155 A.F&A.M. Also The Scottish Rite, York Rite, Eastern Star, Jobs Daughters, DeMolay, Daughter&#39;s of the Nile and Rainbow Girls meet at the Temple at various times each month. The Masonic Lodge has an impressive meeting room on the third floor as well as a dining room/ kitchen and billiard hall.</p><br>
<p>Other tenants of the building have included commercial businesses, a Church, barber shop, tea company, a few restaurants, offices and even a business college. Montana Power Company occupied the building for several decades beginning in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by Link and Haire, Montana&#39;s most prolific early twentieth century architectural firm.</p><br>
<p>John Espy, PhD an internationally known psychotherapist has been practicing in the Masonic Temple building offices for more than 25 years.</p><br>
<p>The Nathaniel Curtis House is a Georgian style house at 600 Housatonic Avenue in Stratford, Connecticut. Built about 1735, it is one of the town&#39;s few surviving 18th-century buildings. It was moved, by water, on a barge, in 1973, to its present location on the bank of the Housatonic River to rescue it from demolition. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Nathaniel Curtis House is located in central eastern Stratford, on the east side of Housatonic Avenue at its northern (cul-de-sac) end. It is a -story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a central entrance, central chimney, and side-gable roof. A leanto section extending from the rear gives the house a classic colonial saltbox appearance. The main entrance is a framed by a Federal style surround, with pilasters supporting an entablature and full gabled pediment. The interior has a typical central chimney plan, with a narrow entry vestibule in front of the chimney, which also houses a narrow winding staircase. To either side of the chimney are parlors, and a long kitchen extends behind these rooms. Many interior finishes and features are original to the 18th century.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1735, and originally stood on Elm Street (previously known as Front Street) about 1 mi to the south of its present location. It was probably built by Nathaniel Curtis, and remained in that family until 1859. In 1973 it was threatened with demolition, to make way for construction of a condominium complex. A Curtis descendant purchased the house, and had it transported by barge to its present location. It maintains its original orientation, facing away from the river. Although the foundation was not preserved, the chimney was in large part disassembled and reconstructed on the new site.</p><br>
<p>Bucks Upper Mill Farm, also known as Henry Buck House, is a historic home located at Bucksville in Horry County, South Carolina. The house was built about 1838 and is a typical two-story, central hall, framed farmhouse, or "I"-House. The front façade features a full-length, one-story porch with a shed roof supported by six square posts. Also on the property are a one-story frame building constructed in the 19th century as a commissary for Bucks lumber business, and the ruins of a sawmill .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Deacon John Davenport House is a historic house at 129 Davenport Ridge Road in Stamford, Connecticut, United States. Built in 1775, it is significant for its architecture and for its association with the locally prominent Davenport family, descended from John Davenport, one of the founders of New Haven. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Davenport House is located in Stamford&#39;s suburban northern section, on the south side of Davenport Ridge Road at its eastern junction with Thornbridge Drive. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a clapboarded exterior. It is built in a typical saltbox method, with an integral leanto section extending the rear roof line. A large brick chimney rises at the center of the roof ridge. The main facade is five bays wide, with sash windows arranged symmetrically around the entrance. The entrance is simply framed, with a five-light transom window above. 19th and 20th-century additions extend the main block to the rear. The interior follows a typical central chimney plan, with parlors on either side of the chimney, and a long and narrow kitchen behind. A stairwell leads to the upper level from the kitchen, and there was probably once also a narrow winding stair in the entry vestibule.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1775 by Deacon John Davenport, a fourth-generation descendant of John Davenport, one of the founders of New Haven. His grandfather had been granted an extensive tract of land in this area, which became known as Davenport Ridge. This house remained in the Davenport family until 1972, surviving a 19th-century Victorian mansion which was built on the property by Amzi Benedict Davenport, who grew up in this house. This house is architecturally notable for its mix of early and late 18th-century stylistic elements.</p><br>
<p>Chesterfield Inn, also known as Chesterfield Inn and Motor Lodge, was a historic hotel located at Myrtle Beach in Horry County, South Carolina. The Chesterfield Inn consisted of two three-story, rectangular buildings constructed in 1946 and 1965. The 1946 building was of frame construction with a brick veneer exterior, with an end to front gable roof, and a raised basement foundation. It was an unusual example of Colonial Revival style architecture in the Myrtle Beach area.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. It was removed from the list on October 23, 2013 after being demolished to make way for a miniature golf course in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The original Chesterfield was a five-room house built in 1936 by Steven Chapman of Chesterfield, South Carolina. That house burned and was replaced in 1946. Clay Brittain, whose uncle built the brick building, worked there as a teenager and became an owner in 1965, running the hotel until 1991. In April 2002, Parkside Inn & Suites of Anaheim, California bought the inn and improved it after Centura Bank foreclosed.</p><br>
<p>By 2004, Karon Mitchell and her family owned the Chesterfield. In 2009, Mitchell announced plans to tear down the inn for a mini golf course to accompany the new Myrtle Beach Boardwalk.</p><br>
<p>The plan was delayed by the economic downturn, but by the end of June 2012 demolition was scheduled. People who wanted artifacts were able to collect them on June 19, 2012. The mini golf course was scheduled to open the following March.</p><br>
<p>On August 22, 2012, the Chesterfield Inn was demolished by construction crews. Shark Attack Adventure Golf opened on the site in Spring 2013, with bricks from the old inn painted with the green and white "Chesterfield" sign, both as part of the development and for sale. Part of the mini-golf course used the inns basement. Hammerhead Grill followed in June, with tables made from the inns floors, and inn-related items on display. On March 1, 2017, Joshua Laniado, who bought the property in February after the miniature golf course closed, announced a mixed-use development might be built on the site.</p><br>
<p>Pleasant Inn, also known as William F. Simmons House, is a historic boarding house located at Myrtle Beach in Horry County, South Carolina. It was built about 1927 and features a low, two-story height; wood-frame construction; tiered, two-story full facade porches; side stairway leading to upstairs entrance; and rentable rooms for boarders. It also has exposed rafter ends and gable vents. It is one of the few remaining examples of the two-story boarding/guest houses that pre-dates Hurricane Hazel .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Rainbow Court was a historic hotel complex located at Myrtle Beach in Horry County, South Carolina. The complex of buildings ranged in dates of construction from 1935 to 1959. The complex included: two motel-type buildings, five beach cottages/boarding houses, and a small house. The buildings were situated around an open court with a swimming pool. There were six contributing buildings. It was one of the few remaining examples of the small-scale, low-rise motels that pre-dated Hurricane Hazel .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 but was delisted in 2020.</p><br>
<p>With development planned for the area, including a parking garage and police station at the Rainbow Court location, demolition was planned as of June 2016. Several area motels were abandoned and attracting vagrants. The city and the Myrtle Beach Downtown Redevelopment Corporation had made $10 million available for improvements.</p><br>
<p>Ocean Forest Country Club, previously known as Ocean Forest Hotel and Country Club, and called Pine Lakes Country Club since 1946, is a historic country club and hotel located at Myrtle Beach in Horry County, South Carolina. The club and hotel were designed by an influential New York architect, Raymond Hood  and is an unusual example of Classical Revival architecture. Construction of the club began in 1926 and was completed in 1927. In addition to the hotel / club building, a 27-hole golf course was built in association with the club. It was designed by Robert White, a golf course designer and future president of the Professional Golfers&#39; Association of America. The present 18-hole course dates to 1946.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Old First Presbyterian Church of Wilmington is a historic Presbyterian church located on West Street on Brandywine Park Drive in Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1740, the one-story brick structure measures 30 feet by 40 feet and has a gambrel roof. Originally located on the east side of Wilmington&#39;s Market Street between 9th and 10th Streets, the building was used during the American Revolution by British troops as a prison and hospital during the occupation of Wilmington after the Battle of Brandywine, September 12, 1777. It remained a house of worship until 1840. A cemetery on the site was the final resting place of many noted Wilmingtonians which were reinterred to Wilmington and Brandywine Cemetery and Riverview Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>It was moved to its present site in 1916. In order to move it, it was dismantled and rebuilt with its re-dedication in 1918. It was given to the National Society of the Colonial Dames of America in the State of Delaware to maintain and restore. They currently use it as their headquarters and have it open to the public on 2nd Sundays, April–October,</p><br>
<p>2-4pm.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. The National Society of the Colonial Dames of America restored the interior to its original condition in 1981.</p><br>
<p>The Briscoe Mounds, officially Illinois Archaeological Survey No. Wi-25, is an archaeological site in Channahon, Illinois. The mound site is located along the north edge of the Des Plaines River and is the largest mound site in northern Illinois.</p><br>
<p>The site takes its name from the Briscoe family, who owned the property until selling it to the state. Briscoe Mounds is now owned by the Illinois State Museum, who plan on building a visitor center in the future.</p><br>
<p>The two mounds on the site were built between 1200 and 1500 AD in the Mississippian Period. The first survey of the mounds was in 1938; a later survey in 1940 revealed nine distinctive pieces of pottery. The mounds were excavated in 1964, revealing sixteen bodies. The mounds were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Hiram B. Scutt Mansion or Scutt Mansion, also known as Barb Villa, is a historic residence in Joliet, Illinois.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hiram Scutt was a Civil War veteran who opened H. B. Scutt & Co., the first barbed wire manufacturer in Joliet, in 1874. Scutt held ten patents for varieties of barbed wire fencing. The mansion was designed by Joliet architect James C. Wesse and was built in 1882. It was constructed in the Second Empire style with elements influenced by the Eastlake movement. Scutt sold his business in 1884 and started the Joliet Barbed Wire Company. He also was the president of the Joliet Wire Check Power Company and the Citizens Electric Company. Following his death from a riding accident in 1889, Hiram&#39;s son Frank W. Scutt owned the mansion.</p><br>
<p>The house was later sold to Daniel Watson, who allowed a variety of womens schools, such as the Business Womans Club House, to operate in mansion. The mansion held such classes until 1977, when it again became solely a single-family residence. Recently, the house has been opened to the public as a banquet hall. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 5, 2003.</p><br>
<p>The banquet hall has been further converted into the P. Seth Magosky Museum of Victorian Life by Patrick Magosky, father of local historian Seth Magosky who died in the home during the conversion. Left in its original state of furnishing and decoration, the museum was used for private weddings, corporate meetings, private parties, church groups, and as a movie location. The museum was also a common attraction for a murder-mystery dinner theater and paranormal investigation groups. The museum was closed in January 2013 and all the Victorian era contents and period dolls were taken out.</p><br>
<p>As of May, 2014, the house is in foreclosure, with the listing price under $160,000. However, nothing on the real estate page alludes to the history of being haunted. The historic haunted mansion of Joliet didnt stay on the market long, and the real estate agent selling the paranormal property credited Patch for getting word out about the foreclosure on North Broadway. "Youre responsible for this going viral," agent Maria C. Cronin said, telling how she had 175 people come through a Saturday open house—and that was after she closed the sale of the Hiram Scutt mansion. The national historic landmark fell into foreclosure and was taken by a bank. Cronin listed the property at $159,900 but said a bidding war drove up the price.</p><br>
<h2>Hauntings</h2><br>
<p>It has been determined that two murders have taken place in the estate, as well as the death of (at least) three of the homes owners in the house. Many paranormal investigation groups to have conducted investigation events in the home have also claimed the spirits of children and other entities remain in the house, including the Lady in Black, believed to be Adelaide Scutt, Hirams Scutt&#39;s wife, who is seen dressed in mourning clothes. She saddened by the death of her daughter and husband, Hiram after he fell off his horse and broke his neck.</p><br>
<h2>On television</h2><br>
<p>The Scutt Mansion was featured in a season two episode of Paranormal Lockdown, where former homeowner Andrea Magosky quoted that the "house is cursed" after the house claimed her son Seth who died from an abdominal aneurysm and seriously injuring her husband, Patrick who fell down a spiral staircase he built, breaking his back. She also showed the hosts of the show an upside down horseshoe over a door frame Hiram Scutt put there that she believes is the cause of the curse.</p><br>
<p>The Benjamin and Mary Ann Bradford House is a private house located at 48145 Warren Road in Canton, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1825, Moses Bradford moved to Canton Township from Monroe County, New York, one of the first settlers to stake a claim in the area. The following year, Aruna and Mary Bradford, Mosess parents, followed their son to Canton Township. On arrival, they bought the property this house now sits on. Aruna Bradford purchased more land during the following years, and in 1835 sold the parcel where this house sits to their other son, Benjamin. Apparently the Bradfords were engaged in dairy farming, as the 1860 agricultural census reports the farm producing 1,500 lb of butter and 2,000 lb of cheese. In 1860, Benjamin built the house that now stands on the property; it remained in the Bradford family until 1911. The house is significant not just because of its association with one of the townships pioneering families, but also because its fine construction reflects the increasing wealth of the early pioneering families in the area.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Benjamin and Mary Ann Bradford House is a two-story Greek Revival structure with a symmetrical front facade and side gables. The house sits on a fieldstone foundation, and the original clapboard is covered with aluminum siding. The front door is flanked by pilasters and sidelights, and concrete steps lead to the door. A small addition with glassed-in porch is constructed on the rear of the building, and a second small addition is on the west. The roofline has a wide cornice with returns and the roof is covered with diamond shingles. Evidence of farm outbuildings can still be seen around the house.</p><br>
<p>The John and Eliza Barr Patterson House is a private house located at 6205 N. Ridge Road in Canton, Michigan, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John Patterson was born in 1804 in Connecticut. John and his wife Pamelia moved to Canton Township in Michigan and purchased property in 1826. Eight years later, in 1834, Pamelia Patterson died in childbirth; John remained a widower for 10 years. In 1844, John Patterson married Eliza Barr; the couple purchased another plot of land and built this house. The couple had multiple children before John died in 1856. John willed his land to Eliza, who married George W. Peters soon after Johns death. Eliza Barr Patterson Peters died in 1885, and her land passed, as instructed in Johns will, to the couple&#39;s son Charles Patterson. The farm remained in the family until 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The John and Eliza Barr Patterson House is a -story, five-bay wood-frame Greek Revival farmhouse with clapboard siding sitting atop a stone foundation. The front facade is symmetrical with a center entrance topped with a transom and flanked by twelve-over-twelve windows. It is topped by a wide frieze, a box cornice with returns, and a shingle roof.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the house is in substantially original condition. The first floor houses a living room, dining room, a kitchen, and a single bedroom; the second floor contains four additional bedrooms and a bathroom installed circa 1940. Door hardware in the house is original, and one of the bedrooms still contains a c. 1844 stenciled border at the top of the wall. Hand-hewn beams can still be seen in the basement of the house.</p><br>
<p>A 20th-century barn is also on the property, along with a shed and the foundation of a barn. Evidence of other farm outbuildings can still be seen around the house, as well as rose, daylily, and peony plantings that date from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A former chicken coop has been converted into living quarters.</p><br>
<p>Waccamaw River Memorial Bridge is a historic bridge located at Conway in Horry County, South Carolina.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1937 and opened to the public in April 1938, designated as a memorial to Horry County citizens who served in America&#39;s wars from the American Revolution through the First World War. Its cost was $370,000. It is 1,270 feet long and carries USA Route 501 Business over the Waccamaw River. It is a multi-span continuous steel girder bridge made up of four steel girder main spans, four continuous steel string approach spans, and concrete piers which support the bridge deck. It features 28 cast-iron light standards along the balustrade, and the Gothic-influenced pointed arches cut out of its concrete piers.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Conway Downtown Historic District is a national historic district located at Conway in Horry County, South Carolina. It encompasses the historic commercial and governmental core of the city and includes 32 contributing buildings and one contributing structure. They collectively document the growth and development of Conway from about 1824 to about 1950. The majority of the contributing properties were constructed between about 1900 to about 1940. Located within the district is the Old Horry County Courthouse and the town clock. The Art Deco style Holliday Theater was built about 1940.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994 and expanded in 2010.</p><br>
<p>Conway Residential Historic District is a national historic district located at Conway in Horry County, South Carolina. It encompasses 125 contributing buildings and one contributing object. It includes a variety of quality 19th and 20th-century residential buildings, until about 1955. The residential buildings reflect a variety of popular architectural styles including Greek Revival, Carpenter Gothic Revival, Queen Anne, Italianate, and Tudor and Colonial Revival. The District also contains four apartment buildings, one school, a church, and a Confederate monument. Four properties in this historic district were previously listed: the Beaty-Little House, the Burroughs School, the J.W. Holliday Jr. House, and the W. H. Winborne House.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>The former Second Church of Christ, Scientist is a historic Christian Science church building located at Central Park West and West 68th Street on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City, within the Central Park West Historic District. The Beaux-Arts building was designed by architect Frederick R. Comstock and constructed in 1899–1901. The building was restored beginning in 2005 by Sydness Architects which planned to clean the facade, reinforce the stained-glass windows, and waterproof the copper dome and illuminate the skylight.</p><br>
<p>In 2003 Second Church of Christ, Scientist merged with First Church of Christ, Scientist, whose building at 96th Street was later sold to the Crenshaw Christian Center. The merged congregation used the name First Church of Christ, Scientist, but worshiped at the former Second Church on 68th Street.</p><br>
<p>Waccamaw River Warehouse Historic District is a national historic district located at Conway in Horry County, South Carolina. It includes three contributing buildings: a steamer terminal , warehouse , and tobacco warehouse . These buildings illustrate the evolution of utilitarian structures at the end of the 19th century, documenting the shift from heavy-timber braced-frame structural members to smaller-member, balloon framing with multiple diagonal bracing and the use of a clerestory for additional light. They are the last extant warehouses in Conway associated with the commercial trade on the Waccamaw River.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Beeches is a brick house in Frankfort, Kentucky whose main block was built in 1818. In 1979, when it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, it was in a great lawn in a park-like setting, in contrast to 20th century encroachments on all sides.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed notable as an outstanding Federal-style structure and as one of just two surviving nineteenth-century buildings along the Leestown Pike in Franklin County, Kentucky. The other building, Glen Willis, one-fourth mile to the southwest, was already listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>It has a one-and-a-half-story section that was a c.1800 brick house, and a two-and-a-half-story main block, also in brick. It has later brick and frame additions to the rear and east side.</p><br>
<p>The Yell Masonic Lodge Hall is a historic Masonic lodge on the west side of United States Route 412 in Carrollton, Arkansas. Also known as Carrollton Masonic Lodge, it is a two-story wood-frame structure measuring about 50 by 35 feet with a front-gable roof, clapboard siding, and a stone foundation. A small belfry rises above the roof, capped by a pyramidal roof. The building was built in 1876, originally serving as a church on the ground floor, and a Masonic meeting hall for Yell Lodge #64 on the second.</p><br>
<p>The building was a major community center for Carrollton, which was the first county seat of Carroll County but declined in importance after it was bypassed by the railroads.</p><br>
<p>In 1962, in a state of decay, the structure was rebuilt by the Arkansas Parks and Publicity Commission. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Russellville Masonic Temple, also known as Russellville City Hall, is a clubhouse and municipal building at 205 South Commerce Street in Russellville, Arkansas. Built in 1926, it is a Classical Revival building. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The edifice was constructed as a Masonic temple, with the first floor rented to the city for use as the City Hall. In 1943, the city bought the building, paid off the mortgage, and rented the second floor to the Masons. As of 2001, the Masons were preparing to vacate the second floor.</p><br>
<p>Myrtle Heights–Oak Park Historic District is a national historic district located at Myrtle Beach in Horry County, South Carolina. It encompasses 89 contributing buildings and one contributing site. They relate to the period of residential development in Myrtle Beach following the financial collapse of Woodside Brothers, the company that developed the Ocean Forest Hotel and Country Club in the late 1920s. The Myrtle Heights section was opened in 1933 and the Oak Park Section was opened in 1935. The majority of these oceanside residences were built between about 1925 and 1945 and are two-story frame buildings, many of them with one- or two-story attached garages, two-story detached garage apartments, or one-story attached servants’ quarters. They reflect a variety of popular architectural styles, the most prevalent being Colonial Revival. Also represented are the Classical Revival, Tudor Revival, and Bungalow/Craftsman styles.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
